Since human beings stepped into a regular way of life, a batch of practical tools and supplies have emerged. Up to now, there are many stars in the sky. In addition to its practicability, all kinds of mechanical supplies or all kinds of transportation tools also have all kinds of aesthetic appearance. In this way, we can call it "mechanical beauty", that is, art + technology = mechanical products.

原先稱這此人員為“技藝”人。由于技術(shù)的發(fā)展，在工業(yè)革命初期特殊的歷史條件下，曾一度強調(diào)其實用性，一段時期內(nèi)使得技藝分離，但后來在各項產(chǎn)品中競爭時，又強調(diào)同一性能上有其不同的外觀美、以吸引消費者，因此又合二為一了，成為一個不可分離的總體。

This person was originally called a "craftsman". Due to the development of technology, under the special historical conditions in the early stage of the industrial revolution, it once emphasized its practicability and separated the skills for a period of time. However, later, when competing among various products, it emphasized that the same performance has different appearance beauty to attract consumers. Therefore, the two became one and became an inseparable whole.

本文就以上述觀點具體談談航空領(lǐng)域內(nèi)美與技術(shù)相互關(guān)系的話題。

Based on the above views, this paper specifically discusses the topic of the relationship between the United States and technology in the aviation field.

自古以來，中外均出現(xiàn)不少飛天氣神話傳說和一些飛天的幻想畫，但均處于神話范疇，是沒有科學根據(jù)的。直文藝復興時期，意大利一位有名的科學家兼畫家達．芬奇（1452~1519年）為了畫好更生動的畫，曾對鳥類飛行姿態(tài)及其飛行規(guī)律作過深入的研究，曾寫過一本《論鳥的飛行》一書，并根據(jù)科學的理論以其精堪的手筆繪出鳥類翅膀所產(chǎn)生的升力圖及一些撲翼飛行、旋翼直升器、降落傘等等想像畫。今天，除撲翼飛行未能實現(xiàn)外，機翼的升力原理、直升機的出現(xiàn)以及降落傘的應用，均與他的世界上公認首批有價值的航空幻想有直接關(guān)系的，因此，可以說航空的起源是美與技術(shù)的結(jié)合有其密切關(guān)連和起源。

Since ancient times, many flying weather myths and legends and some flying fantasy paintings have appeared at home and abroad, but they are in the category of myth and have no scientific basis. Until the Renaissance, Da Vinci (1452 ~ 1519), a famous Italian scientist and painter, made an in-depth study on the flight posture and flight law of birds in order to draw more vivid pictures. He once wrote a book on the flight of birds, and drew the lift diagram generated by bird wings and some flapping wings with his exquisite hand according to scientific theories Rotor helicopter, parachute, etc. Today, in addition to the failure to realize flapping wing flight, the lift principle of wings, the emergence of helicopters and the application of parachutes are directly related to his first recognized valuable aviation fantasies in the world. Therefore, it can be said that the origin of aviation is the combination of beauty and technology, which is closely related and originated.

今天有人強調(diào)說：飛機的外型設(shè)計是靠風洞吹風試驗后確定的，但他忽視了在吹風試驗前很多外型方案是出自設(shè)計者的草圖。在各種設(shè)計草圖中作出選擇后而作風洞試驗，這一些設(shè)計草圖有各種型式，其外觀就是各種各樣的“美”。

Today, someone stressed that the shape design of the aircraft is determined by the wind tunnel blowing test, but he ignored that many shape schemes came from the designer's sketches before the blowing test. After making a choice among various design sketches, these design sketches have various types, and their appearance is all kinds of "beauty".

由于設(shè)計者在設(shè)計某一型式飛機在同一性能基礎(chǔ)上有他的靈活性，因此也會產(chǎn)生各樣的不同氣動外型，這就是稱之為“機械美”或稱之為“外型美”。

Because the designer has his flexibility in designing a certain type of aircraft on the basis of the same performance, it will also produce a variety of different aerodynamic shapes, which is called "mechanical beauty" or "appearance beauty".

比如，70年代初期，美國招標設(shè)計下一代戰(zhàn)術(shù)戰(zhàn)斗機時，通用動力公司的YF-16與麥道和羅斯諾甫公司的YE-17競爭時，空軍選中了YF-16，但當時美海軍又以后者修改為F-18作為艦載后繼機投產(chǎn)，在性能上，除后者適應于艦載功能外，其他性能大致相等，但兩者在氣動外型上卻有他們特殊的外觀美。如正鳥類都能飛翔，其原理相同，但世上有千萬種千姿百態(tài)美麗的烏飛翔于大自然的空中一樣。由此，作為一個飛機設(shè)計師期本身具有美術(shù)修養(yǎng)，他一定會在設(shè)計方案時，設(shè)想出很多合乎技術(shù)規(guī)律又兼有外型美感的產(chǎn)品。說到這里，我建議今后學習飛機設(shè)計的人（當然也包括其他機械設(shè)計的）是否能增添一項美術(shù)必修課，正如學習建筑設(shè)計系一樣要學習一定的建筑工程美術(shù)畫。這是對今后我國發(fā)展航空工業(yè)大有俾益的。

For example, in the early 1970s, when the United States invited tenders for the design of the next generation tactical fighter, when general dynamics's YF-16 competed with McDonnell Douglas and rosnoff's ye-17, the air force selected YF-16, but at that time, the US Navy modified the latter to F-18 and put it into operation as a carrier based successor. In terms of performance, except that the latter is suitable for carrier based functions, other performance is roughly the same, But both have their special appearance beauty in pneumatic appearance. For example, birds can fly on the same principle, but there are thousands of beautiful birds in the world flying in the air of nature. Therefore, as an aircraft designer, he has artistic cultivation. He will imagine many products that conform to the technical law and have aesthetic appearance when designing the scheme. Speaking of this, I suggest that in the future, those who study aircraft design (including other mechanical design, of course) can add a required art course. Just as learning the Department of architectural design, they should learn some architectural engineering art paintings. This is of great benefit to the development of China's aviation industry in the future.